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Assignment is all about negative and positive aspects of globalization a dynamic process that is ceaseless and works on

Home, - Globalisation: the good, the bad, the ugly. How to address it?

Introduction 

One of the most debated topics, Globalisation is the phenomenon of worldwide political, cultural and economic integration. Global specialists in politics, sociology and economics along with its evolution, various forms, trends and impacts have analysed globalisation without reaching a globally accepted definition due to its vast and diverse views. Different people have various perspectives about globalisation making it controversial as well as an attractive topic. In this assignment, Globalisation has been critically discussed along with its different aspects and their various effects on various fields. It helps to form a clear and precise idea about globalisation and its impact. 

Discussion 

Globalisation is a process that is changing the world rampantly. It is changing our day-to-day life. Although widely discussed, globalisation and its various processes are greatly misunderstood. Many people limit globalisation to economic aspects and itss process, forgetting that the cultural and political aspects are supplementary to the economic aspect. Each aspect is essential to make globalisation effective at all levels and in all fields (Smith, 2018).  Essential good enjoyed on daily bases such as movies, music, books, art and fashion would not exist without culture. On the other hand, the movement of goods and services across borders are facilitated by the political changes. The internationalization of corporations and economies, also known as global capitalism, is not the same as globalisation and is just an aspect of it. The history of globalisation dates back to the second half of the twentieth century with the expansion of communication and transport, which resulted in crossing the borders to expand economic activities.

Globalisation affects our life on a regular basis in both positive and negative ways. It plays an essential role in developing countries. New opportunities have been created by globalisation for developing countries such as the growth of productivity, improvement of living standards, access to the markets of developing countries, and better technology (Martens, 2015). Globalisation has a positive impact in the fields of technological development, health system, political influences, economic processes as well as the natural environment and social factors. However, it has negative impacts such as instability in financial and commercial markets, deterioration of the environment and rise in equity within and across nations. The impact of globalisation in the fields of culture, education and health systems, and economic and trade process on developing countries has been critically analysed in this study.

In global economy, the company size is an essential parameter. The decrease in vulnerabilities with better resistance to economic shocks with time to improve the probability of success in various markets is strongly concurrent with the size of the company. Optimization of size, as well as strengthening of production networks on a global level, are important objectives for most of the companies (Smith, 2018). It creates an improved competitive position under the pressure quick development in the technological environment in a strong competitive atmosphere. The entry of companies into profitable sector is restricted by the size of the company. This explains the reason for the company’s focus on strengthening their position on a global level, which is not justified by their economic performance. A rise in the activities of multinational companies as well as stronger and interesting affirmation of the companies internationally. The impact of global companies is strong and intense in developed countries. The value of activities on a global level is higher than domestic markets due to the globalisation and diversification.

International companies have no particular definition, which is accepted universally; some definitions are accepted and used worldwide. Global companies have features, which distinguishes them from other forms of organisation. Global companies are financial and economic operators on a global level, which functions in an environment that is strongly competitive. They employ global and comprehensive strategies and incorporate their activities in various connections between nations to transfer assets and skills. These global companies act locally while thinking globally in order to redistribute the factors of production globally. Strategic interdependence to reduce risk and production costs is adopted by global companies (Manolica, & Roman, 2012). Multinational companies illustrate the propensity to focus the business in a field with the highest comparative advantage and increased demand in markets, which is improved by varying degrees of openness and liberalization incorporating research. Global companies in the sectors of oil and telecommunication such as Vodafone and Lukoil are in the most advantageous position. International markets incorporate strategic competitive advantage that allows the companies to offer its target clients long-term value giving them an edge over their competitors.

Developing countries solve their poverty problems through globalisation by aiding other nations in increasing their economic growth. Trade barriers restricted developing countries from tapping on the economy of the world. Developing and developed countries do not share the same rate of economic growth (Cohn, 2016). However, International Management and World Bank enable developing countries to make radical changes and reforms in their markets by providing larger loans through globalisation. Steps were taken by many developing countries to open their markets for the global consumer through liberated economies and the removal of tariffs. Whereas the developed nations created work opportunities for underprivileged in order to invest and contribute to the growth of developing countries. Globalisation made countries dependent on each other, thus strengthening the bond between developing and developed countries (Lim & Tsutsui, 2012). Developed countries depend on developing countries for oil, food and raw material as well as act as markets for their industrial goods. For instance, United States has the largest economy with GDP of 17.4 trillion US$ and GDP per capita of over 54.6 thousand US$ while the GDP of Egypt is 286 billion US$ and GDP per capita of 10.9 thousand US$.  On the other hand, developing countries depend on developed countries for technology and resource flow. 

Globalisation has resulted in faster and easier transportation of people and goods due to which free trade has expanded between countries along with decreasing the possibility of war between nations. Free trade between nations is raised due to increased communications between companies and individuals, which further increased the growth in the economy. Although globalisation, in developing countries, has many advantages in the field of trade and economy, it has affected negatively for underdeveloped nations (Rai, 2013). The benefits of globalisation are not universal as it creates a disparity between the rich and the poor making the rich richer and the poor poorer. Many nations lags behind from making use of the advantages of globalisation such as Africa, which faces the highest poverty rates until date, and rural areas of China, which has not been tapped upon by global markets. Whereas, developing countries like India and China has grown at a rate faster than developed nations. Developed countries develop industries and companies to take advantage of the low wages rampant in developing countries as well as polluting the environment in countries with pitiable regulation regarding pollution. Developed companies also increase unemployment and affect the economy of their nation by setting up industries and companies in developing countries.

Global producers also face the dilemma over being a global brand or having a brand name, which is adapted and used in different versions in various countries. Due to travel and technology, the lifestyles and taste of people all over the world have become homogeneous. As all areas and people ask for best quality and advanced trait, an attractive and efficient product will be most successful in all areas. Large-Scale savings can be made in the global product in the area of production process and design while some economies of scale do not depend on the presence of a global brand. Savings can also be made in the promotion, advertising, packaging and different aspects of the brand on a global level. Smaller markets with larger budgets will have better access to achievements.

Globalisation has improved the education in developing countries as it acts as a catalyst for jobs that need improved skills set. The demand for improved skilled set resulted in an increased number of people opting for further education (Atif, 2012).  One of the main objectives for the improvement of a nation is its education and health, which shares a strong relationship between with economic growth of the concerned nation. Life expectancy and living standards in developing countries improve through escalation in economic. Better sanitation and health care services can be offered by developing nation owing to greater fortunes along with increasing the government budget that will reduce the rate of illiteracy. Improved life expectancy and living standard with reduced illiteracy due to globalisation are evident in many developing nations (Burbules & Torres, (2013).  Doctors and scientists have discovered many diseases and their effective medicines due to the contribution of globalisation. For instance, the world now knows about diseases such as swine flu, bird flu and HIV/AIDS as well as their prevention and cure.

Many global organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO), Non-governmental Organisation (NGO) along with UNESCO are taking initiatives to purge deadly disease and illiteracy all over the world and save lives. According to 1999 statistics, 115.4 million school-age children were out of schools out of which 56% were girls (Unesdoc.unesco.org, 2018). While according to another survey, 263 million children and youth are out of school (Unesdoc.unesco.org, 2018). Apart from these positive effects of globalisation in the fields of education and health, globalisation has a negative impact too. Globalisation increases the risk of the spread of new diseases due to travelling across borders in developing countries. Increased rate of travel and trade between developing and developed nations, many ailments such as bird flu, swine flu and HIV/AIDS are transmitted across borders, which affects the life expectancy and living standards of these countries badly (McMichael, 2013). Many mind-skilled workers who are qualified professionals and highly qualified, such as doctors, scientists, IT specialists and engineers migrate from developing countries to developed nations for increased wages and improved lifestyle opportunities for them and their family. This reduces the number of skilled labours developing nations (Stromquist & Monkman, 2014)

Globalisation is detrimental for cultures in developing countries. Many cultures have changed and attempted to become occidental or oriental due to globalisation such as European and American countries (Pieterse, 2015).  Globalisation has made it possible to know about other countries and their cultures. Technological advancement due to globalisation such as radio, satellite, internet and television, has enabled us to know about the current situations and scenarios in other countries. It also helps people to know other people all over the world. For instance, it is now possible to see different shows of various stars across the world through technological advancement (Hamdi, 2013). Globalisation is affecting young people in underdeveloped nations too. It has become common to see youngsters wearing high brand clothes, using costly technological products of Apple and eating at various restaurants such as KFC, Domino’s Pizza and McDonald. Their language can only distinguish them.

The rise of globalisation has become a reason of concern for developing and underdeveloped nations as it leads to the destruction of their own customs, identity, tradition, culture, language and dialects (Kraidy, 2017). Many countries of Arab such as Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon have been affected negatively by globalisation as it has caused a change in their traditions, cultures and customs. Few people wear traditional attire while majority behave and wear clothes after following the developed countries. Globalisation has brought a drastic change in language and dialect of developing and underdeveloped nations. Many words, phrases and expression have disappeared from local language as English and French are being used by the majority of people (Scott, 2013).  This has lead to the distinction of dialects giving rise to the need of preserving local dialects and languages. Apart from this, family life has also changed due to globalisation. Young people prefer to live alone after attaining the age of eighteen and leave their families, following the developed nations. 

Conclusion

Globalisation is a dynamic process that is ceaseless and works on all level all over the world. It involves all countries all around the world. Economies of developing countries like China, Iraq, India, Africa, Lebanon, Jordon and Syria has improved positively due to globalisation. Globalisations have its negative impact on developing and underdeveloped countries. Increased investment by foreign nations, reduction of bad habits and erasing of traditions and cultures are the effects of globalisation. The need to preserve cultures and customs has arisen urgently as many traditional language and clothes have disappeared. The use of drugs, violence and the spread of deadly diseases has increased due to globalisation. Globalisation is more advantageous than detrimental for developing nations. The disadvantages can be reduced with proper steps such as proper education, health care services and the preservation of cultures.   

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